In a recent study published in Nature Communications , researchers explored neutrophil involvement in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation in obesity. Obesity raises the risk of several health problems, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke, sleep apnea, slow wound healing, cancer, and others. Chronic AT inflammation has a significant role in obesity-related comorbidities.

Obesity boosts pro-inflammatory helper T type 1 (Th1) cells, cytotoxic T cells , and M1-like macrophages while reducing regulatory T cells, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Neutrophils, a crucial immunological modulator, are associated with chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders. In the present study, researchers investigated the role of VAT neutrophils in systemic metabolism disruption and insulin resistance related to obesity.

The study included 96 lean or obese patients from the Ohio State University's Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery in Columbus, Ohio. The researchers collected blood and fecal samples from the participants. They performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to assess plasma biomarker levels.

They amplified the bacterial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene from VAT or stool samples of obese and non-obese individuals. The researchers explored the transcriptional profile of VAT neutrophils in human obesity and their potential link to gut bacterial translocation. To establish a causal rel.