XH4D/E+ via Getty Images With anti-amyloid and anti-tau drugs not producing any breakthrough results for Alzheimer’s disease, treatments that modulate inflammation appear to be positioning themselves as the next major line of attack against the disease. Several companies – some of which are listed below - are working on drugs that reduce neuroinflammation and/or increase beneficial immune responses to remove amyloid and other “cellular debris”. Leading Immune Modulating Drug Candidates for Alzheimer's Disease INmune Bio’s ( INMB ) XPro1595 Coya Therapeutics’ ( COYA ) COYA302 Alector’s ( ALEC ) AL101 For reasons to be discussed below, it is doubtful that any of these treatments will be successful against Alzheimer’s disease.
It is well-recognized that neuroinflammation contributes to oxidative and nitrosative stress in Alzheimer’s disease. What is less recognized is that the main source of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease is oxidative and nitrosative stress. Reactive oxygen species (such as hydrogen peroxide early in Alzheimer’s disease) and reactive nitrogen species (such as peroxynitrite ) damage proteins and lipids (Damaged Associated Molecular Patterns) provoking an inflammatory response (via Toll-Like Receptors and Pattern Recognition Receptors).
The following chart demonstrates this well: Oxidation and Inflammation (Redox Biology) All factors which increase oxidative stress in the brain (environmental pollutants, a diet high in sugar and oth.