Ultra-processed food is often high in fat, sugar and salt GMVozd/Getty Images Nutrition advice is often fickle. In the 1990s, nutritionists blamed fats for . Then, carbohydrates became the culprit in the early 2000s.

Now, the refrain is to eat whole foods and avoid ultra-processed ones. Why can’t we get a straight answer on what we should be eating? The trouble is that simply opting for foods with fewer and less-processed ingredients doesn’t guarantee a healthier diet. In fact, as a recent meeting of the American Society for Nutrition in Chicago demonstrates, studies on ultra-processed food (UPF).

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