In a recent study published in the journal Nature , a group of researchers characterized the pathogenicity and transmissibility of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI H5N1) (a severe, contagious bird flu that can infect humans and mammals) virus from cow milk in mammals. Study: Pathogenicity and transmissibility of bovine H5N1 influenza virus . Image Credit: Toa55 / Shutterstock After unexplained symptoms and reduced milk production in dairy cattle in Texas, HPAI H5N1 was detected in cow milk and nasal wash samples on March 25, 2024.
By May 30, 2024, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) confirmed 69 infected herds in nine states, with spread linked to cattle movement and potential transmission through contaminated milking equipment. This outbreak, alongside cases in farm workers and cats, underscores the public health risk. The bovine H5N1 virus is closely related to North American wild bird strains.
Further research is necessary to understand its replication, pathogenicity, and transmission in mammals. In the present study, animals were acclimated to the facilities before the start of the experiments, maintained on a 12-hour light cycle, and provided with food, water, and enrichment. Humane endpoint criteria included ≥35% body weight loss or inability to remain upright.
In the United States (US), HPAI viruses are classified as 'Select Agents' under federal regulations, requiring immediate reporting to the Federal Select Agent Program. All experiments we.