The ethics of documentary filmmaking is not a new topic of debate, but after last month’s Washington Post article about an Afghan man allegedly murdered by the Taliban as a consequence of his participation in Matthew Heineman ’s Oscar shortlisted 2022 documentary “ Retrograde ,” the discussion around the moral responsibility of nonfiction filmmakers has once again heated up. Unlike with journalists, there are no widely-accepted standards that documentary filmmakers are expected to abide by. Regulations for personal nonfiction storytelling can be counterintuitive.
Intrusive. Unless a director is working on a documentary for PBS’ “Frontline” series, known for adherence to journalism standards, situational ethics determined on a case-by-case are more often than not the norm. “Retrograde” tells the story of the United States’ final months of its 20-year war in Afghanistan.
In the film Heineman, whose “Cartel Land” was nominated for an Oscar in 2016, embedded with the U.S. Army Green Berets and Lt.
Gen. Sami Sadat of the Afghan Army to capture the turmoil as American troops pulled out of Afghanistan. The director also filmed the Afghan minesweepers working for the Green Berets.
One of the minesweepers, a man nicknamed Justin Bieber, was murdered after the Taliban allegedly saw him in widely circulated TikTok clips of “Retrograde.” In April, following a Washington Post reporter’s inquiry about whether or not Afghan subjects in “Retrograde” were put.