Many parents ask why they can't feed their baby regular cow's milk instead of breast milk or formula. There are two main reasons: Infants cannot digest cow's milk as completely or easily as they digest breast milk or baby formula . More importantly, cow's milk is not a source of complete nutrition for babies under age 1, since it does not contain enough of certain nutrients they need.
Cow's milk contains high concentrations of protein and minerals, which can stress a newborn's immature kidneys. This can cause severe illness if your baby gets a fever, diarrhea or heat stress. In addition, cow's milk lacks the proper amounts of iron, vitamin C and other nutrients that infants need.
Cow's milk also does not contain the healthiest types of fat for growing babies. It may even cause iron-deficiency anemia in some babies because cow's milk protein can irritate the lining of the stomach and intestine. This can lead to the loss of blood, from small amounts you can't see all the way to bloody stools.
For these reasons, your baby should not receive any cow's milk (or other non-human milk or a milk substitute ) until they are about 12 months of age unless no alternative is available. Once your baby is past a year old, you may give them pasteurized whole cow's milk or reduced-fat (2%) milk, provided they have a balanced diet of solid foods (cereals, vegetables, fruits and meats). But limit their intake of milk to 2 cups (about 16 ounces) per day or less.
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